Abstract: The diagnosis and treatment of rare diseases have long been significant challenges in the medical practice. With the rapid development of genomics and genetics, medical genetics has been widely applied in the diagnosis and treatment of rare diseases. Systematic medical genetics training courses are essential for enhancing the professional level of clinicians in diagnosing and treating rare diseases. This paper aims to analyze the current status of medical genetics training, discuss the principles and methods of curriculum design, and propose strategies to optimize training effectiveness, in order to enhance their comprehensive capabilities in the diagnosis and treatment of rare diseases.