Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Multiple System Atrophy

Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rare and rapidly-progressive neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by the combination of dysautonomia, poor levodopa responsive parkinsonism, cerebellar ataxia, and pyramidal tract signs. Insidious onset, clinical heterogeneity and progression of the disease complicate the difficulty of early diagnosis and challenge, the development of neuroprotective drugs. In order to improve the knowledge of diagnosis and treatment of the disease, this paper reviews advances in its diagnostic criteria, biomarkers of early diagnosis and management of the disease.